Five stages of dying Essay Example

Five stages of dying Paper Thanatology, or the study of death and dying, has gone through significant growth since the 1950s, when Herman Feifels â€Å"Meanings of Death† was introduced to the behavioral science field. Before then, dying and death were mainly the concerns of poets and mystics. Death was considered a word to be avoided as much as possible by physicians, and as a topic of restriction even by psychologists. Since that time the research and writings of Robert Fulton, Elisabeth Kubler-Ross, among others, have helped to make thanatology a serious area of scientific research and discussion. Even though all dying people do not show a terminal drop in their abilities and actions, many of them do realize when they are about to die (Kalish Reynolds, 1981). This epiphany affects different people in different ways. People who no longer want to live may give up without putting on a fight and die fairly quickly. When they lose their will to survive, they embrace death as the ultimate solution to all their problems. Another group of severely ill people are those those who find themselves unable to cope with the pain and frustration of long term illness but are also afraid of death itself, continually battling between a desire to live and a wish to die. This constant conflict between dying and living is worsened when the person has one or more dependents but is afraid of becoming a burden on them. We will write a custom essay sample on Five stages of dying specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Five stages of dying specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Five stages of dying specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Even when they are not told directly by a family member, a friend, a doctor or a nurse, a large majority of terminally ill patients realize that they are going to die in the very near future. They sense it in the changes in their bodies and the attitudes of other people. Consequently, an honest report on the part of others frequently comes as no surprise but simply confirms what the patient suspected all along (Kubler-Ross, 1969). Whether they desire to die sooner or later, it is generally acknowledged that people can, through their own attitudes and behavior, either hasten or delay their own death. Having accepted the fact that death is imminent, they may even decide on a particular time for it to occur. Stages in Dying The stage theory of Elisabeth Kubler-Ross, as well as of many other researchers, is related to the time, dimension of the dying process. Kubler-Rosss (1969) stage theory was formulated from an analysis of her interviews with over 200 dying patients. She argued that it is important for health workers and families of dying patients to be observant and aware of these progressive stages.

Free Essays on Lottery

â€Å"The Lottery† This twisted tale of a small farming community that is far from normal or peaceful. Jackson, continuously uses the setting to creates a mood of peacefulness and tranquility. This creates an image of a typical small farming community on a normal summer day. This setting foreshadows an ironic ending that is far from normal or peaceful. â€Å"The Lottery†, by Shirley Jackson, displays numerous examples of irony throughout the setting in telling the tale of a small town’s strange and brutal annual ritual. Shirley Jackson, begins her story by establishing the setting. She tells what time of day and what time of year the story takes place. It is important to focus on what a typical day is in this small town. The time of day is set in the morning and the time of year is early summer. School has just recently let out for summer break, and children are getting used to the newly found freedom and the prospect of all of the adventures to be had. Jackson describes the town as that of any normal rural community. She describes the grass as "richly green" and that "the flowers were blooming profusely". These descriptions of the surroundings give a picture of beauty and life in bloom. There is a serene feeling about the sleepy little town. This makes the audience feel comfortable about the surroundings as if there was nothing wrong in the town. In the first paragraph, Jackson describes the town in general. She puts in perspective the location of the town’s square "between the post office and the bank". This aides in visualizing what a small town this is, since everything seems to be centralized at or near the town square. This is also key in that the town square is the location for the remaining part of the story. She creates a comfortable atmosphere while describing the people of the town. The children are gathering together and breaking into "boisterous play". They are described as gathering rocks, which is a norma... Free Essays on Lottery Free Essays on Lottery â€Å"The Lottery† This twisted tale of a small farming community that is far from normal or peaceful. Jackson, continuously uses the setting to creates a mood of peacefulness and tranquility. This creates an image of a typical small farming community on a normal summer day. This setting foreshadows an ironic ending that is far from normal or peaceful. â€Å"The Lottery†, by Shirley Jackson, displays numerous examples of irony throughout the setting in telling the tale of a small town’s strange and brutal annual ritual. Shirley Jackson, begins her story by establishing the setting. She tells what time of day and what time of year the story takes place. It is important to focus on what a typical day is in this small town. The time of day is set in the morning and the time of year is early summer. School has just recently let out for summer break, and children are getting used to the newly found freedom and the prospect of all of the adventures to be had. Jackson describes the town as that of any normal rural community. She describes the grass as "richly green" and that "the flowers were blooming profusely". These descriptions of the surroundings give a picture of beauty and life in bloom. There is a serene feeling about the sleepy little town. This makes the audience feel comfortable about the surroundings as if there was nothing wrong in the town. In the first paragraph, Jackson describes the town in general. She puts in perspective the location of the town’s square "between the post office and the bank". This aides in visualizing what a small town this is, since everything seems to be centralized at or near the town square. This is also key in that the town square is the location for the remaining part of the story. She creates a comfortable atmosphere while describing the people of the town. The children are gathering together and breaking into "boisterous play". They are described as gathering rocks, which is a norma...

Discuss your Understanding of the pros and cons of MRPII systems, Essay

Discuss your Understanding of the pros and cons of MRPII systems, citing at least two Web sources. How could any new system be better than an MRPII system - Essay Example es and processes information for effective decision making in scheduling, designing, inventory management and cost control in the business (Goddard, 1993). MRP II is a computer-based scheme that generates detailed production schedules using real time data to harmonize the influx of constituent resources. It is commonly used by itself, but also with the Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system. The MRP II system does have pros and cons which are elaborated subsequently (Goddard, 1993). The Manufacturing Resource Planning II promotes improved consistency in-on-time customer delivery and enhances inventory reductions of one-fourth to one-third. Also, there is elevated inventory turnover decline in purchasing costs because of fewer expedited shipments. Lastly, it minimizes of workforce overtime (Goddard, 1993). The cons of MRP II are centered on the fact that all of the preceding planning before creation can be based on disingenuous data and decelerate the production process itself. As unanticipated changes occur, the planning process ought to be recalculated from the start, which can cause wastefulness if feedback about drawbacks is not supplied on a well-timed, regular basis (Goddard, 1993). In conclusion, the current MRP II system takes time to put up and implement and so a new system will be better. Some recent MRP II systems have integrated limited decision making support functionality, whereas the business is moving to a newer age band of a stable, comprehensive technology, and risk is relatively low (Murgiano,

Control System -inkwell Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Control System -inkwell - Coursework Example A review of this system is targeted at enhancing how the company handles its employees’ remuneration and other work packages. In this report, the chosen system for review is the payroll system, whose investigations are expected to provide a summation of the entire accounting system that is in operation in the organisation. A study of Inkwell’s payroll system shall entail an in-depth examination of the organisational activities such as the tax management, tracking of taxes that have been withheld, analysis of the record of hours employees work, and a record of the paychecks issued to employees (Bragg, 2006.p.125-129). To assess the payroll system being used by the company with the motive to provide recommendations for its improvement in efficient employee management. The payroll system, being a core accounting system is essential to the management as it streamlines the organisation’s ability to stay on top of its regulatory and legal responsibilities. Therefore, this report shall seek to identify the weaknesses within the organisation’s payroll system, and determine the needs that require improvement. Therefore, the report shall outline the cost-benefits analysis of implementing the payroll system’s improvements in Inkwell Limited (Bragg, 2003.p.85-92). It is expected that as a result of this review, it would be possible for the payroll system being used to effectively process payroll reports that can be used to make tax withholding summaries. The covering of this system’s evaluation in this report has been achieved as part of an accounting assessment, which is part of the AAT level 4 accounting. 2.1 Inkwell Limited is a Limited Company with a larger section of its operations majored in the private sector. However, its specialisation in the re-manufacturing or re-cycling of used laser toner and printer cartridges. The company’s sales targets are achieved by distributing its products through a nationwide chain that comprises over 60 high

Property and Mortgages Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Property and Mortgages - Essay Example The general rule is that the interest reverts to the borrower upon completion of refinancing the mortgage. The history of mortgages dates back to the seventeenth century. Throughout this period, doctrines of equity have been applied to protect mortgagors from mortgagees’ exploitations. Statutory regulations have however recently been formulated to ensure mortgagors’ protection. The courts have similarly joined the efforts. The scope of mortgages covers any venture in which land is used, and is offered on any interest on land as well as other properties other than land. This paper seeks to investigate the statement that ‘mortgages are a suppression of truth and a suggestion of falsehood,’ mortgage destroys our economy. The paper will explore the legal aspects of mortgages with the aim of supporting the statement. Difference between legal and equitable mortgages The major difference between equitable and legal mortgage is the level of formality that is involv ed on the process of creating the mortgage. A legal mortgage requires strict formalities that include a written contract. All terms of the mortgage agreement are stipulated and the document signed. Equitable mortgages on the other hand involve deposition of title to the subject estate without making formal commitments. Legal mortgages are executable within the strict interpretation of the law of property act (1925) and must be under deed. This means that the mortgage binds any interest in the land, both original and transferred. An equitable mortgage is however informal and do not bind a purchaser in good faith who takes the property for value without the knowledge of existence of the mortgage (Slorash and Ellis, 2007, 121). Another difference between a legal mortgage and an equitable mortgage is the transferability of interest in the subject land. While property in the piece of land is transferred to the mortgagee under a legal mortgage, only possession passes in an equitable mortg age and the mortgagee has to seek judicial intervention for transfer of property in the land in case of a defaulted refinancing (Sharma, 2010, 212). Rights of the mortgagee The mortgage agreement creates a number of rights to the mortgagee. The first right that a mortgagee acquires is the right over â€Å"the promise to pay† (Williams, 2011, 90). This right is enforceable against the mortgagee or any subsequent owner of the land subject to the law of property act (2007) and the interpretation of the case of Nefson Diocesan trust board v Hamilton [1926] NZLR 342. The mortgagee also has a right to foreclosure and to gain possession of the land if the mortgagor defaults in payments after a notice after a notice (Williams, 2011, 92). There is also the right to put the piece of land under receivership or even to sell the property as was held in the case of Alliance &Leicester plc v Slayford [2000] EGCS 113. The same case provides legal ground for suit against the mortgagor’ s covenant (Pawlowski and Brown, 2002, 177). Rights of the mortgagor The mortgagor’s rights include the right to redeem the mortgage subject to the terms of the mortgage agreement as was illustrated in the case of Jones v Morgan (2001) (Dixon, 2011, 380). The redemption right can be enforced equitably or legally. Further, the mortgagor is entitled to right of possession, inspection of property and accession rights (Mau, 2010, p. 86- 88). Safeguards for borrowers Mortgagors are bound by the lending terms of their agreements that are enforceable under statutory laws. The doctrines of equity supplements statutory regulations to protect borrowers from exploitation. Mortgagor’s right of redemption is for instance absolute irrespective of the delayed

A Series Of Unfortunate Events, Analysis

A Series Of Unfortunate Events, Analysis This movie tells about The Baudelaires orphans: Violet; Klaus; and Sunny. Violet is fourteen years old, Klaus is twelve years old, and Sunny is still an infant. Each of these orphans has awesome ability: Violet can find and create everything from the things around her as good as a scientist; Klaus loves reading so much and amazingly he remembers all what he read even in details; and then Sunny, the youngest, her teeth are so strong and she bites almost everything. Their parents are killed in a fire that also destroyed their house. Mr. Poe, the family banker, then sends the children to live with Count Olaf, an actor who is their closest relative. Count Olaf treats the children awfully. Soon The Baudelaires know that Count Olaf just wants to take their parents richness. One time because of a coincidence, Mr. Poe thinks that Count Olaf is not a responsible parent so that Mr. Poe takes back the children from Count Olaf. Olaf, pretending to have an emotional goodbye with The Baudelaires, promises that he will find them again and get their fortune. Mr. Poe sends the children to live with their uncle, Dr. Montgomery Montgomery, a cheerfully herpetologist. The Baudelaires live happily with Uncle Monty. Nonetheless, Count Olaf comes in disguise to Uncle Montys house as his new assistant for herpetology and he killed Uncle Monty. The orphans are then sent to live with Aunt Josephine who lives in a house on the edge of a cliff above the Lake Lachrymose. However, Count Olaf catches the children wherever they go in order to get an opportunity to grab the Baudelaires wealth. He does camouflages to fool other guardians of the Baudelaires. Count Olaf causes the death of Aunt Josephine and makes himself as if he is the childrens savior. As a result, Mr. Poe gives custody back to Count Olaf, seeing how he rescued the children. Mr. Poe reveals to Count Olaf that he would not inherit the childrens fortune even if they died, with the exception of blood relatives, or married couples. Count Olaf invites Mr. Poe and people he knows to his play which stars himself and Violet as the leads. It is a trap for the Baudelaires so that Count Olaf can gain access to Violets inheritance. Klaus notices Count Olafs bad plan. Somehow he ruins the play and makes people realize the tyranny of Count Olaf and then arrest him. Moreover, Klaus notices that the death of his parents is not merely an accident, but it was Count Olafs deed. Eventually, the Baudelaires are safe and kept away from Count Olaf. The reason the writer choose this movie to be analyzed is because the writer is indeed interested in this movie from the first time the writer saw it. This movie is one of 21th century literary works which depicts chains of a unique story which is not clichà ©. From its title, it is discernible that this movie imparts a kind of tragedy which involves life/moral values. Moreover, it involves the hamartia, anagnorisis, peripeteia, and catharsis. This is why the writer decides to use Aristotelian theory to analyze this movie, because hamartia, anagnorisis, peripeteia, and catharsis are the key elements of the theory. Having considered the above facts, the writer proposes a study entitled The Hamartia, Anagnorisis, Peripeteia and Catharsis in Brad Silberlings (2004) Lemony Snickets A Series of Unfortunate Events. FIELD OF THE STUDY The field of the study is literature, especially movie. SCOPE OF THE STUDY This study will discuss about Aristotles theory of tragedy, about Lemony Snickets A Series of Unfortunate Events movie, mostly its hamartia, anagnorisis, peripeteia, and catharsis. PROBLEM FORMULATION What are the Hamartia, Anagnorisis, Peripeteia, and Catharsis in the movie? How are the Hamartia, Anagnorisis, Peripeteia, and Catharsis represented cinematographically in the movie? To what extent do those elements affect the movie? OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY The writer wants the readers notice and comprehend the meanings of Hamartia, Anagnorisis, Peripeteia, and Catharsis and also their existence. The writer wants to show how the key elements of Aristotelian theory are depicted in Lemony Snickets A Series of Unfortunate Events movie cinematographically. The writer wants to evince how the key elements affect the movie. HYPOTHESES Only few people know the movie of Lemony Snickets A Serie s of Unfortunate Events. Also, only few people comprehend what Aristotelian theory is about well, including the hamartia, anagnorisis, peripeteia, and catharsis. Many people do not know that this movie is impressive, that using the Aristotelian theory to analyze the movie can give people some significant life values. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY This study concentrates on the movie entitled Lemony Snickets A Series of Unfortunate Events and on the Aristotles theory of tragedy especially the key elements. Entertainment, knowledge, and wisdom are benefits that can be obtained from this study. By watching or observing Lemony Snickets A Series of Unfortunate Events movie, the readers are going to get pleasant or fun. Through signification of the Aristotelian theory, it will broaden the readers knowledge. Moreover, by understanding the life/moral values in the movie through catharsis, the readers are going to be conscious that the values do enlarge their wisdom. DEFINITION OF TERMS Action A unit of happening. (Paredes, 1986). Imitation/Mimesis Mimesis means copying another persons action or way of doing something. Plot Plot is the imitation of the action or the arrangement of the incidents. Plot is also the first principle and the soul of a tragedy. (Hibbard Frenz, 1954). Meanwhile, according to Cooper (1979), plot is the principle of life. Character Character is that which reveals moral purpose, showing what kinds of things a man chooses or avoids. (Hibbard Frenz, 1954, p. 170). Spectator Spectator is the synonym of audience. (Good, 2008). Tragedy Tragedy (as opposed to epic) relies on an enactment (dramatic performance), not on narrative (the author telling a story). (Leyg, 1996). According to Cooper (1979), a tragedy is a mimesis, not of people but of their actions and life. However, Kennedy (1979) said that tragedy is an imitation not only of a complete action, but of events inspiring fear or pity. Furthermore, he said that tragedy is about the realization of the unthinkable. Tragic Hero The tragic hero is a great man who is neither a paragon of virtue and justice nor undergoes the change to misfortune through any real badness or wickedness but because of some mistake. (Leyg, 1996). Tragic hero is one who is not pre-eminent in moral virtue, who passes to bad fortune not through vice or wickedness, but because of some piece of ignorance, and who is of high repute and great good fortune. (Cooper, 1979). Hamartia Hamartia is the characters fatal flaw. In other words, it is an intellectual mistake or an error in judgment. Anagnorisis Recognition or discovery (anagnorisis): the revelation of some fact not known before, or some persons true identity. (Kennedy, 1979, p.943). Peripeteia Peripeteia is a reversal of circumstances or turning point. (Aswers, 2007). According to Watson (2002), peripeteia is a reversal is a change of a situation to its opposite. Catharsis It is purgation, purification, and clarification of pity and fear. REVIEW OF LITERATURE In this study the writer focuses in Aristotles theory of tragedy which includes hamartia, anagnorisis, peripeteia, and catharsis as its key elements. This can help the writer to analyze the hamartia, anagnorisis, peripeteia, catharsis in Lemony Snickets A Series of Unfortunate Events movie. The form of drama called tragedy was born in the fifth century B.C. It is Aristotles famous definition. (Kennedy, 1979). Aristotle was one of important ancient philosophers from Greek. He was born in Stagira, a town in Macedonia in 384 B.C. Aristotle is a whole university in himself. (Hibbard Frenz, 1954). He influenced medieval science and logic and on literary theory since the Renaissance. Since the Renaissance, his name has been associated most often with his concepts of tragic catharsis, anagnorisis, and unity of action. (Answers, 2007). His theory will be applied in this study, which is theory of tragedy. Aristotles Theories Cooper (1979), stated that a work cannot be a tragedy if there were no action. Hibbard Frenz (1954), said that without action there cannot be a tragedy. The tragic event involves a fall from greatness, brought by the agents free action. (Perrine, 1974). Aristotles theory which is prior to his theory of tragedy is theory of responsibility. Aristotles theory of responsibility was established through his theories of character acquisition and action. Theory of Character Acquisition His theory of character acquisition states that people get their character from repetitively demonstrating actions they think are best. Theory of Action Theory of action distinguishes between what actions are voluntary or not voluntary. (Watson, 2002). Theory of Tragedy Nowadays the best tragedies are about a few families only. For a tragedy is an imitation, not of men, but of an action and of life, and life consists in action, and its end is a mode of action, not a quality. (Hibbard Frenz, 1954, p.170). It is the nature of tragedy that the protagonist must fall from power and from happiness. The recognition, combined with reversal, will produce either pity or fear; and actions producing these effects are those which tragedy represents. Nonetheless, the problem with Aristotles famous definition is not in agreeing in how to translate it, but rather how to interpret it. Definition of Tragedy The arrangement of tragedy should be complex, not simple, and it should present a mimesis of things that arouse fear and pity, as this is what is peculiar to the tragic mimesis. Tragedy is a mimesis not only of a complete action, but also of things arousing pity and fear, emotions most likely to be stirred when things happen unexpectedly but because of each other. A tragedy is a mimesis of an action and it is only because of the action that it is a mimesis of the people engaged in it. (Cooper, 1979). A tragedy is an imitation of an action that is serious, accomplishing through incidents that arouse pity and fear the purgation of these emotions. (Kennedy, 1979, p.899). Tragedy causes the emotions of pity and fear in the hearts of all men, then affords a pleasurable relief. In other words, the spectator at a tragedy, following the tribulations of the tragic hero, himself suffers vicariously, is emotionally moved, and as a result of the experience, finds pleasurable relief. (Hibbard Frenz, 1954). In a tragedy a hero suffers due to hamartia and then knowledge comes of ignorance followed by a reversal in fortune with a feeling of purification in the character. (Answers, 2007). Key Elements of Theory Hamartia: Hamartia is the Greek word. It means error, transgression, flaw, or weakness of character. (Kennedy, 1979). Hamartia is a tragic error caught in a crisis situation; the protagonist makes an error in judgment or action, missing the mark, and disaster results. In other words, hamartia is the fall of a noble man caused by some excess or mistake in behavior. The main character break a divine or moral law which leads to disastrous consequences. Despite the horrible events befalling the tragic hero, tragedies celebrate the human spirit, in the confrontation of difficult situations and the accountability of a character for his or her own actions. (Answers, 2007). The protagonist in the story is not a perfectly good man nor yet a bad man; his misfortune is brought upon him not by vice and depravity but by some error of judgment. The heros downfall is his own fault, the result of his own free choice, not the result of pure accident or villainy. Accident, villainy or fate may contribute to the downfall but only as cooperating agents: they are not alone responsible. The combination of the heros greatness and his responsibility for his own downfall describes his downfall as tragic rather than as merely pathetic. (Perrine, 1974). Anagnorisis: It means a recognition or discovery. Recognition is a change from ignorance to knowledge, producing love or hate between the persons destined for good or bad fortune. (Hibbard Frenz, 1954). Recognition is a change from ignorance to knowledge, tending either to affection; it determines in the direction of good or ill fortune the fates of the people involved. (Cooper, 1997). Anagnorisis is commonly applied to any self-knowledge the hero gains as well as to insight to the whole nature or condition of mankind. (Watson, 2002). The discovery induces a startling effect. Peripeteia: Cooper (1997), remarked that a peripeteia occurs when the course of events takes a turn to the opposite in the way described. According to Kennedy (1979), reversal or peripeteia is an action that turns out to have the opposite effect from the effect its doer had intended. Peripeteia occurs when a situation seems to developing in one direction, then suddenly reverses to another. Reversal is a series of incidents or a train of action tending to bring about a certain end but resulting in something wholly different. (Hibbard Frenz, 1954, p.170). The change of fortune for the hero should be an event that occurs contrary to the audiences expectations and that is therefore surprising. Catharsis: Purification of plot events, so that the central characters errors become cleansed by his or her recognitions and suffering. Through a course of events involving pity and fear, the purification of those painful or fatal acts, pity and fear it archives the purgation. It is simply an intellectual clarification of the meaning of the tragic happenings. Catharsis is also the purging of the emotions of pity and fear that are aroused in the viewer of a tragedy. Therefore, it is related to the psychology of the spectator, the public is purged of its fear and pity. (Paredes, 1986). Actually, catharsis is the positive social function of tragedy. It purifies the audiences feelings of pity and fear so that in real life we understand better whether we should feel them. Further, it purges pity and fear so that we can face life with less of these emotions or more control over them. K. METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS This study uses qualitative research, applied research, or library research. The reason is because field of this study is literature which interpretation is the prime provision. Therefore, desk work or library research is appropriate and suitable to commit for this study. K.1 Method of Data Collection After deciding what study that would be done, which is a study of Aristotelian theory of tragedy, the writer searched the materials. Movie of Lemony Snickets A Series of Unfortunate Events, pictures, and data about this movie are the first materials that would be gained. The writer is going to keep looking for data about Aristotles theories especially his theory of tragedy which consists of the key elements (hamartia, anagnorisis, peripeteia, and catharsis). Those theory elements become essential to analyze the movie. The writer collected the data needed by visitting the library and reading some books related to the study. Also the writer looked for the data from the internet. For the further plans/steps, the writer will keep looking for the data and searching them through both written and electronic sources to enrich the primary data for this study. K.2 Data Analysis The title of the movie is Lemony Snickets A Series of Unfortunate Events. The complete information about the movie can be read as follows: Title : Lemony Snickets A Series of Unfortunate Events Year : 2004 Genre : Drama Director : Brad Silberling Film Stars : Jim Carrey, Emily Browning, Liam Aiken, Meryl Streep, Jude Law The movie tells about three orphans (The Baudelaires) who are adopted by a bizarre and mysterious actor named Count Olaf. He attempts to steal The Baudelaires parents richness. The Baudelaires try to get away from Olaf any time they can but Olaf can find them wherever they go. The avoidance of The Baudelaires towards Olaf leads these pitiful orphans to a series of unfortunate events. To analyze the movie, the writer uses the Aristotelian theory. Aristotles theory concerns with tragedy. According to Aristotle, in a tragedy a hero suffers due to hamartia and then knowledge comes of ignorance (anagnorisis) followed by a reversal (peripeteia) in fortune with a feeling of purification (catharsis) in the character. In analyzing the study, the writer will explain more about the research questions from the problem formulation. Using Aristotelian theory, the writer will show the key elements in the movie and why they are called as the way they are. Then the writer depicts the existence of the key elements through cinematography to show the evidences. Further, the writer describes how the movie is so affected by the key elements and how come the movie and the key elements foster one another. L. REFERENCES Cooper, D. E. (Ed.). (1997). Aesthetics: The classic readings. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers Ltd. Good, M. (2008). Cambridge advanced learners dictionary. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Hibbard, A., Frenz, H. (Ed.). (1954). Writers of the western world. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. Kennedy, X. J. (Ed.). (1979). Literature: An introduction to fiction, poetry, and drama. Toronto: Little, Brown and Company. Perrine, L. (Ed.). (1974). Literature: Structure, sound, and sense. USA: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc. WEBSITES Answers. (2007, June 6). In Aristotelian. Retrieved April 17, 2012, from http://www.answers.com/topic/aristotelian#ixzz1ez5h7jOW Berardinelli, J. (2004, April 5). Lemony Snickets A Series of Unfortunate Events. ReelViews. Retrieved April 11, 2009, from http://www.reelviews.net/movies/l/lemony_snicket.html Leyg, H. (1996, June 24). Aristotles tragedy. In Aristotle the elements of tragedy. Retrieved June 21, 2012, from http://www.ohio.edu/people/hartleyg/ref/aristotletragedy.html Paredes, R. (1986, April 27). Aristotles definition of tragedy. In Introduction to philosophy. Retrieved June 21, 2012, from http://www.paredes.us/tragedy.html Watson, J. (2002, September 9). My class notes. In Aristotles tragedy. Retrieved May 2, 2012, from http://johnwatsonsite.com/MyClassNotes/Texts/Antigone/AntigAristotleTrag.html

macbeth :: essays research papers

Jurgens 1 The famous play Macbeth by William Shakespeare, has greatly influenced past societies and continues to be an influence in todayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s society. There is not only one great influence either, as there are many smaller ones that have affected society. Of these influences, Macbeth has had its greatest impact on the movie and literature industries. In literature, the play is kept alive in more than one way. There are many full-length books that just discuss and explain the play of Macbeth. Other ways the play is kept alive is through other authors rewriting it, but making slight changes or even using some of his lines or themes in their own plays or other pieces of literature. The movie industry was also greatly affected by Macbeth. Since the invention of movies, there have been many different versions of this play that have been adapted to the movie screen. Macbeth is a play that can last forever as it has everything that still interests and has always interested people such as murder, deceit, and a trip into the human psyche. This play has lived on in many facets of and had many important influences on society, but two of those greatest influences are on the movie and literature industries. Macbeth actually started its "afterlife" while William Shakespeare was still alive. Simon Formanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Book of Plays is an example of the influence of the play. 1611, Simon Forman wrote a book in which he described the performance of four plays at the Globe Theater. Book of Plays is one of the only reports of how Shakespeareà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s plays were actually performed on stage. However, many parts of the play were omitted in Formanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s summary. For example, he did not include the entire second appearance of the witches. Jurgens 2 Forman also included details that could not have possibly occurred on the stage of the Globe Theater. One example of this is when Forman reports that he sees Macbeth and Banquo riding through the woods. The Globe Theaterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s set would not have allowed this to happen, so historians believe that Forman pulled this image from a version that he had read previously and not what actually had happened on stage. On the other hand, Forman gives an elaborate description of some of the staging of the play. For example, he states that in the banquet scene, the ghost of Banquo sits behind Macbeth.

Death of Hector Summary Essay

Except for Hector, the Trojans are inside the walls of Troy. Apollo turns to Achilles to tell him he is wasting his time pursing a god since he can’t kill him. Achilles is angry, but turns around to return to Troy where Priam is the first to spot him. He tells Hector he will be killed since Achilles is much stronger. If not killed he will be sold into slavery as has already happened to others of Priam’s sons. Priam can’t dissuade Hector, even when his wife Hecuba joins the effort. Hector gives some thought to going inside but fears the ridicule of Polydamas, who had given sage advice the day before. Since Hector wants to die in glory, he has a better chance facing Achilles. He thinks about giving Achilles Helen and the treasure and adding to it an even split of the treasure of Troy, but Hector rejects these ideas realizing Achilles will just cut him down, and there would be no glory in that. As Achilles bears down on Hector, Hector begins to lose his nerve. Hecto r runs towards the Scamander River (Xanthus). The two warriors race three times around Troy. Zeus looks down and feels sorry for Hector, but tells Athena to go down and do what she wants without restraint. Achilles is chasing Hector with no chance of reprieve unless Apollo steps in (which he does not do). Athena tells Achilles to stop running and face Hector. She adds that she will persuade Hector to do the same. Athena disguises herself as Deiphobus and tells Hector the two of them should go fight Achilles together. Hector is thrilled to see his brother has dared to come out of Troy to help him. Athena uses the cunning of disguise until Hector addresses Achilles to say it’s time to end the chase. Hector requests a pact that they will return each other’s body whoever dies. Achilles says there are no binding oaths between lions and men. He adds that Athena will kill Hector in just a moment. Achilles hurls his spear, but Hector ducks and it flies past. Hector does not see Athena retrieve the spear and return it to Achilles. Hector taunts Achilles that he didn’t know the future after all. Then Hector says it’s his turn. He throws his spear, which hits, but glances off the shield. He calls to Deiphobus to bring his lance, but, of course, there is no Deiphobus. Hector realizes he has been tricked by Athena and that his end is near. Hector wants a glorious death, so he draws his sword and swoops down on Achilles, who charges with his spear. Achilles knows the armor Hector is wearing and puts that knowledge to use, finding the weak point at the collarbone. He pierces Hector’s neck, but not his windpipe. Hector falls down while Achilles taunts him with the fact that his body will be mutilated by dogs and birds. Hector begs him not to, but to let Priam ransom him. Achilles tells him to stop begging, that if he could, he would eat the corpse himself, but since he can’t, he’ll let the dogs do it, instead. Hector curses him, telling him Paris will kill him at the Scaean Gates with the help of Apollo. Then Hector dies. Achilles pokes holes in Hector’s ankles, ties a strap through them and attaches them to the chariot so he can drag the body in the dust. Hecuba and Priam cry while Andromache is asking her attendants to draw a bath for her husband. Then she hears a piercing wail from Hecuba, suspects what has happened, emerges, looks down from the rampart where she witnesses her husband’s corpse being dragged, and faints. She laments that her son Astyanax will have neither land nor family and so will be despised. She has the women burn the store of Hector’s clothing in his honor.

Free Essays on Eudora Welty

Eudora Welty was born and raised in Jackson, Mississippi in 1909 and raised and lived during the hardest part of the Great Depression. During this time, Jackson, Mississippi had not lost it’s rural atmosphere. Welty grew up in the old type south she so often evokes in her stories. She attended the Mississippi State College for Women and the University of Wisconsin, where she majored in English Literature. After graduating at the height of the depression, she was unable to find work in her chosen field. She worked as a part time journalist and copywriter and as a WPA photographer. This later job took her on assignments throughout Mississippi, and she began using these experiences as material for her short stories. In using Eudora Welty’s story A Worn Path as an example of southern influence, she shows southern influence in many ways. These are Race and Racism, the constant referrals of being referred to as an old Negro woman also, by the mixture of short stories with a mixture of folk material and by the way she shows sympathy to the Negro woman. She, like writers as Faulkner and James Baldwin, shows the strength of the Negro woman. This strength is built around the Negro woman. â€Å"Phoenix† is not just a name for a character. Miss Welty presents her as a symbol of strength in the old woman’s spirit of endurance. Race and Racism in A Worn Path shows a strong Southern influence because much of her writing took place in Mississippi during the 1940’s and 1950’s which shows its strong southern influence by being called an old Negro woman. While walking through the woods a dog runs up to her and knocks her in to a ditch. She just lies there like she does not know what to do. Just then the dog’s master, a young hunter comes to her aid to pull her out and points his gun in her face, perhaps as a subconscious way of saying I'm white, I am better than you are, you not going to run from me? When she shows no sign of... Free Essays on Eudora Welty Free Essays on Eudora Welty Eudora Welty was born and raised in Jackson, Mississippi in 1909 and raised and lived during the hardest part of the Great Depression. During this time, Jackson, Mississippi had not lost it’s rural atmosphere. Welty grew up in the old type south she so often evokes in her stories. She attended the Mississippi State College for Women and the University of Wisconsin, where she majored in English Literature. After graduating at the height of the depression, she was unable to find work in her chosen field. She worked as a part time journalist and copywriter and as a WPA photographer. This later job took her on assignments throughout Mississippi, and she began using these experiences as material for her short stories. In using Eudora Welty’s story A Worn Path as an example of southern influence, she shows southern influence in many ways. These are Race and Racism, the constant referrals of being referred to as an old Negro woman also, by the mixture of short stories with a mixture of folk material and by the way she shows sympathy to the Negro woman. She, like writers as Faulkner and James Baldwin, shows the strength of the Negro woman. This strength is built around the Negro woman. â€Å"Phoenix† is not just a name for a character. Miss Welty presents her as a symbol of strength in the old woman’s spirit of endurance. Race and Racism in A Worn Path shows a strong Southern influence because much of her writing took place in Mississippi during the 1940’s and 1950’s which shows its strong southern influence by being called an old Negro woman. While walking through the woods a dog runs up to her and knocks her in to a ditch. She just lies there like she does not know what to do. Just then the dog’s master, a young hunter comes to her aid to pull her out and points his gun in her face, perhaps as a subconscious way of saying I'm white, I am better than you are, you not going to run from me? When she shows no sign of...

The use of literary devises in A MidSummer Nights Dream essays

The use of literary devises in A MidSummer Nights Dream essays Throughout William Shakespeares play, A Midsummer Nights Dream, Shakespeares characters in a sleepy state are anointed by Oberon and Puck with love-juice. This juice causes them to fall instantaneously in and out of love with each other. Although their actions are governed by the love-juice the lovers ironically believe their actions are lead by their reason. Shakespeare uses literary devises such as, satire, irony and animal imagery, to expose love as an irrational state of being. First of all, in the play Shakespeare uses satire to illustrate that the state of love makes people act irrationally. In one scene Helena begs Demetrius to treat her like a dog telling him, Use me but as your spaniel: spurn me, strike me/Neglect me, loose me; only give me leave/(Unworthy as I am) to follow you (2.1.212-214). Helena represents the people who belittle themselves for the people they love. In another scene Demetrius, anointed with love-juice tells Helena, Oh Helen goddess, nymph, perfect divine!/To what, my love, shall I compare thine eye?(3.2.140-141). This is significant because Demetrius had previously told Helena that, for that I am sick when I do look upon thee(2.1.219). Demetrius, and how he falls instantaneously in love with the woman he had denounced, shows how people who in their anxious quest for love has them grasping into thin air to find love. In addition to satire, Shakespeare uses irony to illustrate that the state of love makes people act irrationally. In the beginning of the play when Demetrius was disgusted with Helena, she pursued him still. In one scene when she finally has the love of Demetrius she is upset. We as readers expected Helena to be happy, but instead she irrationally states, You both are rivals and love Hermia/And now both rivals to mock Helena(3.2.158-159). Helena desperately seeks love, but when love seeks her she knew not what to do,...

Public policy analysis Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Public policy analysis - Term Paper Example Generally termed as Obama care or Affordable Care Act, it represents one of the most significant overhauls of the health care system of the country. It was originally aimed at decreasing the number of uninsured Americans and hence increases the overall health coverage available to most of Americans. Besides increasing the overall insurance coverage, this also focused upon reducing the overall costs for the Americans so that overall quality health care could be affordable and within the reach of most of the Americans. It offers various mechanisms including tax credits, subsidies as well as mandates to reduce the overall cost for healthcare to ordinary Americans and improve the quality of health care services offered to them. (Cronin & Aponte, 2012) This paper will critically look into this public policy initiative by President Obama and evaluate its rationale, evaluate its impact on the society as a whole, whether it has been implemented within in true spirit and how public will benefit from this law over the period of time. The Affordable Care Act is a recent law aimed at improving the overall health care services in United States of America. It was enacted on March 23, 2010 when it was signed off by President Obama. Read with Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act, this act is considered as the most significant overhaul of the US Health Care system after the implementation of Medic Aid during 1960s. (McDonough, 2011) It is important to note that health care reforms remained one of the hottest topics during the Presidential Election of 2008. Both the candidates i.e. Hillary Clinton as well as Barrack Obama presented the plans to provide insurance and health care coverage to more than 45 million Americans. (The New York Times, 2008). After winning elections, Barrack Obama outlined his proposal to reform the health care and showed his willingness to work with the congress for passing of this law. Before the law was actually

Unemployment in UK Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Unemployment in UK - Assignment Example The history of unemployment in the UK tells that during Great Depression the rate of unemployment was very high in the country. It reached to the level of 25 percent but after that time, unemployment rate used to remain at a low level and with the help of different policies and strategies the government of the UK succeeded to attain more or less full employment level until the 1970s. However, after an oil prices fluctuation in the 1970s the unemployment rate was also badly affected and gradually it began to rise. The recent rise in the unemployment rate is highest during the last decade and the country is facing the worst situation with respect to unemployment crisis in the country (Pettinger, p2, 2009). The following table shows the United Kingdom unemployment rate during last three years and it is clearly seen in the table that unemployment rate is continuously increasing in the country with each passing year. The recent statistics also show that the unemployment is recorded at the highest rate in last eight years. The rate of unemployment is rising at an alarming pace due to which the year 2009 is also expected as a stagnant year for the economy of United Kingdom. (Monaghan, p1, 2008) The country while responding towards the global financial crisis is witnessing worst situation of unemployment and there is a high level of concerns and worries at all level regarding the rise of the unemployment rate. The following chart shows the current situation of unemployment in the country that is expected to rise even more. Unemployment is closely related with the economic development of a country. When an economy faces recessions, the rate of unemployment also increases. Thus, the economic recession is the major cause behind the high rate of unemployment in the UK and it is expected that if the UK will face deep economic recession in 2009 then the unemployment will also reach the level of 3 million.